FOUR-LEVEL METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR ANALYZING CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN SOCIOLECTS
Abstract
Research on conceptual metaphors in socially-marked language varieties faces methodological challenges related to the absence of a systematic approach for analyzing deep mechanisms of metaphor formation. Existing methodologies either limit themselves to superficial linguistic description or remain at the level of abstract cognitive schemas without demonstrating pathways to their linguistic realization. This article presents an original four-level methodological model developed for comprehensive analysis of metaphorical structures in sociolects. The model integrates four interconnected research levels: archetypal (universal cognitive constants), mental models level (culturally-conditioned categorization schemas), conceptual metaphors level (cross-conceptual mappings), and lexical units level (specific linguistic realizations). The research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of integrative methodology in comparative analysis of Spanish and Russian youth slang. The empirical base consisted of a corpus of 4199 slang units extracted from verified lexicographic sources. Methods employed included archetypal analysis, conceptual modeling, componential and comparative analysis, and statistical verification using SPSS. Results revealed 9 universal archetypal structures (60 % of the total), which constitute the basic level of metaphorical systems in both languages. Anthropomorphic mechanisms of metaphorization were found to dominate (64.0 % in Russian and in Spanish slang). Regression analysis showed that three factors — cultural recognizability of images, language, and archetypal status — explain 63.2 % of the variance in metaphor usage frequency. The model ensures systematic transition from universal cognitive foundations to culturally-specific linguistic forms, opening prospects for metaphor research in various discourse types and sociolects. Practical significance is determined by the applicability of results in lexicography, translation studies, foreign language teaching, and development of natural language processing systems.
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