STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF LEXEMES DENOTING CONSANGUINITY IN SPANISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES (padre – отец – ota; madre – мать – ona)
Abstract
This article is dedicated to a comparative study of the features of kinship terms in Uzbek, Russian, and Spanish languages, as well as an analysis of their similarities and differences. The author, through examining several scientific works related to the studied issue, highlights the relevance of the article. Based on factual material (dictionaries, texts of literary works): 1. The systematic simplification of all kinship terms used in Spanish, Russian, and Uzbek languages, except for families, is demonstrated, with their relationship defined by social status. 2. It is noted that the semantics of lexemes denoting non-equivalent blood relatives, which do not exist in Spanish, Russian, or Uzbek cultures, can only be determined through description or interpretation. 3. Interpretations of words such as padre, madre (Spanish), отец, мать (Russian), and ota, ona (Uzbek), provided in dictionaries, are studied, revealing the uniqueness of the formation and development of family-kinship relationships in Spanish, Russian, and Uzbek cultures. 4. Differences in the origin and semantic structure of the Spanish words padre, madre, the Russian words отец, мать, and the Uzbek words ota, ona are proven. 5. The emergence of Spanish and Russian words such as рарá, mamá; пáпа, мáма, respectively, is justified as a result of the repeated repetition of the syllables pa- (па-) and ma- (ма-) in baby babbling speech. 6. The use of the word má-má in Uzbek to mean ‘maternal breast’ is revealed, unlike the lexemes madre in Spanish and мать in Russian, which are used in the language of infants up to a certain age.
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