LINGUOTEXTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMBASSADORIAL BOOK ON RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH KHIVA IN 1670–1673
Abstract
From the linguotextological aspect, the article examines one of the genres of Russian official-business writings, the so-called Ambassadorial Book, which documents to the diplomatic relations between Russia and Khiva from 1670 to 1673.It includes a) official messages – charters, decrees of Russian tsars; b) petitions of translators (interpreters), bailiffs, Russian prisoners, addressed to the rulers of Russia; c) small excerpts taken from reports (article lists) of ambassadors of Muscovite Rus' who traveled to the Khiva Khanate, interrogatory speeches of Khiva ambassadors (messengers); d) memories of governors, clerks of the Ambassadorial Office and congress huts of Russian cities, reports compiled by sub-clerks by order of tsars and clerks; e) Russian translations of khan's decrees addressed to Russian officials; Petitions of the Khiva ambassadors written after their stay in the territory of the Moscow state, lists of gifts on behalf of the khans and ambassadors intended for Russian officials, and contemporary Russian translations. The source material shows that documents produced in the tsar's chancery were written in Old Russian using seventeenth-century Russian cursive script, whereas official messages from the khans of Khiva to the tsars of Moscow Rus' and other Russian officials were written in the Khivan khan's chancery in Turkic and Persian, using the Arabic script. At the same time, individual analyses are made of: 1) elements of Russian cursive writing; 2) excerpts taken from Russian business writing – the Old Russian text of the reply letter of the Moscow tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the Khiva khan Anavshamagmet Bagadyr and a contemporary Turkic translation, created in the tsar's chancery in Moscow; 3) the names of officials of the Ambassadorial Office, the congress huts, and the chancellery of the Khiva Khan. It is noted that regular Khiva-Russian, Russian-Khiva diplomatic, and trade relations in the 17th century led to the development of Turkic-Russian, Russian-Turkic business writing, as well as the mutual enrichment of the vocabulary of the Old Russian language and the Central Asian languages – Turkic and Farsi.
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