All submitted manuscripts are screened for plagiarism prior to the review process. The editorial team uses multiple online plagiarism detection tools to ensure the originality of the submitted work.

Manuscripts containing significant levels of plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, improper citation, or unattributed use of others’ work, will be rejected or returned to the authors for revision. The journal adheres to ethical publishing standards and expects authors to submit original manuscripts that have not been published elsewhere.